Mac and Cheese

Mac and Cheese
⏱️ cook time 35 minutes
🍽️ servings 4
⚡ Difficulty easy

intro

Velvety, rich baked mac and cheese with a crispy cheddar-panko top, the ultimate cozy, crowd-pleasing comfort food classic.

Ingredients

Dry elbow macaroni 225 grams (2 cups, dry)
Sharp cheddar cheese, freshly shredded 340 grams (3 cups, packed)
Whole milk 480 ml (2 cups)
Unsalted butter 71 grams (5 tablespoons)
All-purpose flour 24 grams (3 tablespoons)
Panko breadcrumbs 30 grams (1/2 cup)
Kosher salt 1 teaspoon
Ground black pepper 1/2 teaspoon
Garlic powder 1/2 teaspoon
Dijon mustard 1 teaspoon

Steps

1

Cook the elbow pasta

Bring 2 liters of heavily salted water to a rolling boil over high heat. Add 225g dry elbow macaroni, stir once, and cook 2 minutes less than the package’s al dente instruction (approximately 6 minutes total). Drain thoroughly and set aside; do not rinse the pasta, as residual starch helps sauce cling.

Step 1
step1:Cook the elbow pasta
2

Make the roux base

Melt 57g (4 tablespoons) of unsalted butter in a large oven-safe 10-inch skillet over medium heat. Once the butter is fully melted and foaming subsides, whisk in 24g (3 tablespoons) all-purpose flour, stirring constantly for 2 minutes until the mixture turns pale golden and gives off a faint nutty aroma.

Step 2
step2:Make the roux base
3

Whisk the cheese sauce

Slowly stream 480ml (2 cups) of whole milk into the roux, whisking constantly over medium-low heat to prevent lumps. Add 1 teaspoon kosher salt, 1/2 teaspoon ground black pepper, 1/2 teaspoon garlic powder, and 1 teaspoon Dijon mustard. Simmer for 3-4 minutes, whisking occasionally, until the sauce thickens enough to coat the back of a spoon. Remove from heat, then stir in 283g (2.5 cups) of the shredded sharp cheddar until fully melted and smooth.

Step 3
step3:Whisk the cheese sauce
4

Combine pasta and sauce

Add the drained, slightly undercooked elbow macaroni to the finished cheese sauce, folding gently with a silicone spatula until every pasta piece is evenly coated in creamy sauce. Taste a small bite and add a pinch more salt if needed to bring out the cheese flavor.

Step 4
step4:Combine pasta and sauce
5

Add crispy topping

In a small mixing bowl, combine the remaining 57g (0.5 cup) shredded sharp cheddar, 30g (1/2 cup) panko breadcrumbs, and 14g (1 tablespoon) melted unsalted butter, stirring until the crumbs are evenly moistened with butter. Sprinkle this mixture in a uniform, loose layer over the entire top of the sauced macaroni.

Step 5
step5:Add crispy topping
6

Bake and rest the dish

Place the skillet in an oven preheated to 200°C (400°F), and bake for 15 minutes until the sauce is actively bubbling around the skillet edges and the top crumb layer is deep golden and crispy. Remove from the oven and let rest for 5 minutes before serving to allow the sauce to set slightly.

Step 6
step6:Bake and rest the dish

Tips

1.Grate your own sharp cheddar instead of using pre-shredded store-bought cheese; pre-shredded cheese is coated in anti-caking starch that creates a grainy, less smooth cheese sauce.
2.Skip rinsing your cooked pasta: the starchy film left on drained noodles helps the cheese sauce adhere evenly, preventing sauce from sliding off pasta pieces.
3.Undercook pasta by 2 minutes before mixing with sauce, as it will continue to cook while baking in the oven; this prevents mushy, over-soft macaroni in the final dish.

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Mac and Cheese:Frequently Asked Questions

1.Why do I need to shred my own sharp cheddar instead of using pre-shredded store-bought cheese?
Pre-shredded cheddar is coated in potato starch and anti-caking agents to prevent clumping in the bag, which melts unevenly and can leave your sauce grainy or oddly textured. Freshly shredding sharp cheddar right before making your sauce ensures a silky, smooth melt that blends perfectly for that classic velvety, homestyle bite.
2.Can I use a different pasta shape if I don’t have elbow macaroni?
Absolutely! Dry elbow macaroni is classic because its ridges and hollow center catch and hold cheese sauce beautifully, but small, ridged shapes like cavatappi, rotini, or small shells work wonderfully. Just cook pasta 1-2 minutes less than the package directs for al dente, so it doesn’t turn mushy while baking.
3.How do I keep my cheese sauce from breaking or turning greasy?
Start with a properly cooked roux: melt unsalted butter, whisk in all-purpose flour, and cook 2 minutes over medium-low to remove raw flour taste before slowly whisking in whole milk. Add shredded cheese a handful at a time off direct heat, stirring constantly, and never boil the sauce once cheese is added—high heat causes curdling and greasy separation.
4.Why does my baked mac and cheese come out dry instead of creamy?
Dry mac and cheese usually comes from overcooking pasta before baking, using too little sauce, or baking uncovered the whole time. Cook pasta to very al dente, make your sauce a little looser than you want the final dish to be, and cover the baking dish with foil for the first 20 minutes of bake time to lock in moisture.
5.How do I get a crispy panko-cheddar topping that doesn’t get soggy?
Toss panko and a half cup of shredded cheddar with 1 tablespoon of melted unsalted butter before sprinkling it evenly over the top of the dish. Don’t press the topping down into the sauce, and add it right before baking—this keeps crumbs light, toasty, and crispy instead of saturated and mushy.
6.Can I make this mac and cheese ahead of time for a potluck or party?
Yes! Assemble the pasta and sauce (hold off on adding the panko topping) up to 2 days in advance, cover tightly, and store it in the fridge. When you’re ready to bake, add the buttered panko-cheddar topping, tack on 5-7 extra minutes of bake time to account for the cold dish, and bake until bubbly around the edges.
7.Can I swap whole milk for lower-fat milk or a plant-based alternative?
Whole milk delivers the richest, creamiest base thanks to its higher fat content, but 2% milk works in a pinch—just add an extra tablespoon of butter to your roux to make up for lost fat. Unsweetened plain oat milk is the best plant-based swap, as it has a neutral flavor and creamy consistency that resists curdling.
8.Do I have to use only sharp cheddar, or can I mix in other cheeses?
Sharp cheddar gives that classic tangy, bold homestyle flavor, but you can swap up to half of it for other melting cheeses for extra depth. Great mix-ins include nutty Gruyère, extra-creamy Monterey Jack, or a small amount of smoked gouda—just skip crumbly, non-melting cheeses like feta or halloumi that won’t blend into the sauce.
9.Why does my cheese sauce have a weird raw flour aftertaste?
That starchy, raw flour taste comes from not cooking your roux long enough! After you whisk all-purpose flour into melted unsalted butter, let it cook over medium-low heat for 2 full minutes, stirring constantly, until it smells faintly nutty and turns pale golden. This cooks out the raw starch flavor before you add milk to make the smooth sauce base.
10.Should I rinse my cooked pasta before mixing it with cheese sauce?
Skip the rinse entirely! The light, starchy coating on cooked elbow macaroni helps the cheese sauce cling tightly to every noodle, so rinsing washes that starch away and leads to sauce that slides off pasta instead of sticking. Just drain the pasta well, and toss it straight into the warm cheese sauce before transferring to your baking dish.
11.How do I reheat leftover mac and cheese without it getting rubbery?
For the best texture, reheat portions in a 350°F oven covered with foil for 15-20 minutes, stirring in a splash of whole milk halfway through to loosen the sauce back to its creamy consistency. If you’re short on time, microwave individual portions in 30-second bursts, stirring between each, with a tiny splash of milk to refresh the sauce.
12.Can I add mix-ins like bacon, veggies, or swap panko for other toppings?
Absolutely! Cooked crumbled bacon, lightly steamed broccoli florets, diced ham, or sautéed sweet onion all make delicious add-ins—just stir them into the pasta and sauce before adding your topping. If you don’t have panko, crushed butter crackers tossed with melted butter make a nostalgic, crispy classic topping that pairs perfectly with cheddar.
13.What bake time and temperature gives the perfect bubbly, not burnt, result?
Bake at 375°F for 25-30 minutes total: keep the dish covered with foil for the first 20 minutes to heat the pasta through without drying it out, then uncover for the last 5-10 minutes to let the panko-cheddar topping turn golden and crispy. Let it rest 5 minutes before serving so the sauce sets slightly instead of running.

Comments (6)

2 days ago

OMG this baked mac and cheese is a GAME CHANGER for our weeknight family dinners! I’ve tried so many recipes that come out grainy or dry, but this was perfectly creamy even after baking, no weird gritty cheese texture at all. My three kids went back for seconds, and even my super picky husband asked when I’m making it again. Total cook time was exactly 35 minutes like it said, super easy even on a busy school night. 10/10, will be bringing this to our next neighborhood potluck for sure!

yesterday

So glad this was a hit with your whole family! If you want to mix it up for potlucks, try tossing in a handful of crispy bacon bits or a sprinkle of smoked paprika on top before baking for an extra little kick — it’s always a crowd favorite.

2 hours ago

Second the potluck rec! I made this for our church potluck last month and the pan was empty in 10 minutes flat, people were asking me for the recipe left and right. The crispy panko topping I added per the optional note was chef’s kiss.

1 week ago

SO good. I was worried it would be too heavy since it’s a baked mac, but the creaminess is perfect without being cloying. I used a mix of sharp cheddar and Gruyère because that’s what I had in the fridge, and it turned out amazing. Only thing I’ll do differently next time is add a little extra black pepper, I love a bit more zing. Super easy to follow, even for someone who burns toast half the time lmao.

5 days ago

Love the Gruyère swap! That nutty, melty cheese works so beautifully in this recipe — I do that half the time too when I have it on hand. Extra black pepper is never a bad call, I won’t tell if you add a pinch of cayenne too if you want that extra little warmth.

3 days ago

Great meal prep option! I made a big pan on Sunday, portioned it out into containers for the week, and it reheated like a dream in the microwave — no weird separated sauce, no rubbery noodles. I was skeptical that baked mac would hold up all week, but this totally does. Only reason it’s not a 5 is I wish there was a note about letting it rest 5 minutes before serving, it was a little runny right out of the oven but firmed up perfectly as it sat. Saved me so much money on takeout lunches this week, will be adding this to my regular rotation.

5 days ago

First time making mac and cheese from scratch instead of the neon orange box stuff, and wow I’m never going back. This was so easy, I didn’t even mess it up in my tiny janky dorm oven! My roommates all hovered around the kitchen while it was baking because the whole floor smelled like melted cheese, they all demanded a bite before I even got a serving. 100% worth the 35 minutes, way better than the powdered cheese garbage I’ve been eating since freshman year.

3 days ago

Wait you made this in a dorm oven? I didn’t think those sad little contraptions got hot enough to bake anything that isn’t a frozen pizza! I’m definitely trying this this weekend, I’m so sick of dining hall mac that tastes like plastic.

2 days ago

So awesome to hear this works for dorm cooking! A quick tip for smaller/less powerful ovens: just keep an eye on the top browning, you might need to add 2-3 extra minutes of bake time if your oven runs cool. Enjoy!

2 weeks ago

I swapped the regular elbow pasta for gluten-free brown rice pasta and it turned out perfectly! I was worried the sauce would be too thin or the pasta would get mushy, but following the cook time exactly meant the noodles were al dente and the sauce was still thick and creamy. My whole family (none of whom are gluten free) didn’t even notice a difference, they just ate it up.

1 week ago

Oh thank you for sharing this swap! I’ve been looking for a good GF mac and cheese recipe that doesn’t taste like cardboard, I’m grabbing the ingredients on my way home from work today to make this.

30 minutes ago

Just pulled this out of the oven 20 minutes ago and had to hop on here to leave a review immediately — this is exactly the homestyle mac and cheese I grew up eating at my grandma’s Sunday dinners! It’s so rich and creamy, no weird artificial cheese aftertaste, just that perfect cozy nostalgic taste. It was so easy to throw together after getting home from work, I can already tell this is going to be a staple for our family all fall and winter, especially on game nights.